How Evolution Explains Zebra Stripes

How Evolution Explains Zebra Stripes For reasons unknown, zebras are not arbitrators at the pony games the same number of kids may think. Truth be told, the examples of the highly contrasting stripes on a zebra are a developmental adjustment that has benefits for the creatures. A few distinctive andâ plausible speculations have been proposed for the explanation for the stripes since the time Charles Darwin originally went ahead the scene. Indeed, even he pondered the centrality of the stripes. Throughout the years, various researchers have recommended the stripes could either be to help cover the zebras or confound predators. Different thoughts were to bring down internal heat level, repulse creepy crawlies, or to assist them with associating with each other. The Evolutionary Advantage of Stripes An examination, done by Tim Caro and his group from the University of California, Davis, set these speculations in opposition to one another and contemplated the measurements and information accumulated. Amazingly, the measurable examination appeared again and again that the most probable clarification for the stripes was to shield flies from gnawing the zebras. In spite of the fact that the measurable examination is sound, numerous researchers are cautious about proclaiming that theory the victor until progressively explicit exploration should be possible. So for what reason would stripes have the option to shield the flies from gnawing the zebras? The example of the stripes is by all accounts an impediment to the flies potentially because of the make up of the flies eyes. Flies have a lot of compound eyes, much the same as people do, however the manner in which they see out of them is entirely different. Most types of flies can recognize movement, shapes, and even shading. Notwithstanding, they don't utilize cones and poles in their eyes. Rather, they developed little individual visual receptors calledâ ommatidia. Each compound eye of the fly has a large number of these ommatidia that make an expansive field of vision for the fly. Another distinction among human and fly eyes is that our eyes are connected to muscles that can move our eyes. That permits us to have the option to center as we glance around. A flys eye is fixed and can't move. Rather, every ommatidium gathers and procedures data from various headings. This implies the fly is finding in a few unique ways immediately and its cerebrum is handling the entirety of this data simultaneously. The striped example of a zebras coat is such an optical figment to the flys eye as a result of its failure to center and see the example. It is estimated that the fly either misjudges the stripes as various people, or it is such a profundity recognition issue where the flies basically simply miss the zebra as they attempt to devour it. With the new data from the group at the University of California, Davis, it might be feasible for different specialists in the field to test and get more data about this exceptionally beneficial adjustment for zebras and why it attempts to keep the flies under control. As expressed above, notwithstanding, numerous researchers in the field are reluctant to back this exploration. There are numerous different theories with respect to why zebras have stripes, and there might be a few contributing variables concerning why zebras have stripes. Much the same as a few human qualities are constrained by different qualities, zebra stripes might be the comparable for the zebra species. There may simply be more than one explanation with respect to why the zebras advanced stripes and not having flies gnawing them may simply be one of them (or a lovely symptom of the genuine explanation).

Aggression as a Negative

Hostility is seen by numerous individuals as a negative reaction in sport, yet hypotheses of why animosity happens repudiate one another. Assess basically hypotheses of hostility that try to clarify why negative reactions frequently happen in wearing circumstances Use down to earth models for the speculations you assess. Hostility is any conduct outside the standards of the game that means to hurt a person that is spurred to evade such damage. A few abilities seem forceful for instance, a slide tackle in football, anyway they are entirely lawful in the games runs so it isn't viewed as forceful behaviour.Possible negative reactions identifying with animosity are brought about by; real/saw shamefulness, disappointment at execution, uprooted animosity from different sources, strain to win, counter, replicating others, nature of the game, response to an antagonistic group, being on the losing group and past sick inclination (derby game). There are 4 speculations of animosity; Instinct Th eory, Social Learning Theory, Frustration Aggression Hypothesis and Aggression Cue Hypothesis.Instinct Theory (Freud) proposes that conduct is unsurprising, hereditarily acquired and it is the Trait perspective on conduct. As per this hypothesis, we can tell which players and when they will perform forceful acts. This says everybody encapsulates hostility, it is only a nonstop develop of vitality that should be discharged through purge, for instance, little lashes out at a restriction to discharge pressure (Lorenz). Anyway this hypothesis totally dismisses an ecological improvement that we know exists.Social Learning Theory (Bandura) proposes that conduct is found out from our condition, for instance we watch practices through a good example, we play out the conduct (duplicate) at that point this method of conduct gets acknowledged through fortification. For instance, youthful footballer duplicates Wayne Rooney and kicks out at a resistance player, at that point gets acclaim from pa rtners, this conduct is fortified, at that point the youthful player will do it more to make this kind of reaction again.This hypothesis does something contrary to Instinct Theory and acknowledges the natural improvements anyway dismisses the hereditary impact, that we likewise know exists. These next two are Interactionist Theories that intend to consolidate natural and hereditary impacts. Disappointment Aggression Hypothesis proposes that dissatisfaction happens when our objective coordinated conduct is blocked, and there is more disappointment if the conduct is result orientated. This theory recommends that ecological form ups make an organic response as a purifying discharge, in the event that this discharge comes up short, at that point we become more aggressive.For model, Jordan Mutch of Cardiff blocked Wayne Rooney from moving beyond so Wayne Rooney (objective blocked), Wayne Rooney got disappointed, Kicked out at Mutch and got a yellow card as discipline, this cleansing disc harge fizzled. Hostility Cue Hypothesis recommends that disappointment is equivalent to excitement; it makes a preparation for animosity. This animosity will just happen upon natural sign. For instance in football, being forced to bear a terrible tackle gives the natural signal which will build excitement. In the event that there is the nearness of animosity, odds of hostility are expanded drastically.

Areas of Psychology

Malinda S. Kline March 13, 2013 Module 1: Assignment 3 PSY:101 General Psychology A03 KlineM_W1_A3. doc Instructor Angela Snelling Areas of Specialization Number |Subjects of study in |Areas of specialization in |Definition and key purposes of this specialization (be|Rationale (motivation behind why you coordinated |Possible research technique for | |psychology (coordinate with beneath |sure to utilize proficient sources) |this subject of study with this |study (test, | |options) | |specialization in brain science) |correlational, observational, | |case study, meeting) and why | |this one may fit the best | |1 | |Definition |I picked Biological Psychology for |Observational Research-would be| | |Studying the reasons for |Biological brain science or |â€Å"A science worried about the incorporation of |this subject of study since it |used to see when a person’s | |aggression in response to |Neuropsychologist |psychological perception on conduct and the brain |basically assesses cause and |behavior changes and if any | |others in their condition. | |Neurological Observations on the cerebrum and apprehensive |effect. On the off chance that something is causing a |outside factors affected the | |system. † (Neuropsychology definition, 2013) |person to be forceful to others |behavior. | |in a specific situation then | |Key Points |something Biological could be |Interview-would be utilized to ask | |â€Å"Biological standards to the investigation of mental |going on. Natural Psychology |the individual why they became | |processes and behavior.The field looks at the basic|and Neuropsychologists study this |aggressive to an individual. By | |biological forms that underlie ordinary and |behavior to discover why, and how |asking the subject this directly| | |abnormal conduct at the degree of nerves, |to stop or forestall it further. |you get their side of the story | |neurotransmitters, and mind hardware. † (Humphreys,| |and not simply deductions. | |2 011) | |2 | |Definition |I picked Developmental Psychology |Observational Research-could be| | |Studying the period when a |Developmental brain science |â€Å"Branch of brain science worried about changes in |for this subject in light of the fact that the time |used on the grounds that it’s watching a | |newborn kid perceives his| |cognitive, inspirational, psychophysiological, and |that an infant kid perceives |subject’s conduct for something| | |or her parent. | |social working that happen all through the human |his guardians is a piece of |specific or vague. It | |life length. † (Developmental Psychology, 2013) |Development.Developmental |would be a decent report on the grounds that | |Psychology considers the subjective |the best way to tell the | |Key Points |functioning of an individual over their|development of a kid or person| | |â€Å"Infant perception, calculated turn of events, language |life range. It assists with saying at what|is to watch them. | |acquisition, and the advancement of emblematic |point in life people will create | |competence. † (University of Illinois Board of |certain qualities, aptitudes, and |Correlation Research-could be | |Trustees , 2009) |abilities. utilized in light of the fact that it shows a | |relationship between two | |â€Å"Focuses on the mental changes of the human | |variables. The factors would | |mind for the duration of the life expectancy. Formative | |be the child’s conduct, and how| | |psychologists study babies, the old, and each | |other youngsters this age carry on. | |age in the middle. † (Humphreys, 2011) | |3 | |Definition |I picked Social and Personality |Correlation Research-would be | |Sharing some exploration about |Social and character |â€Å"Understanding how individuals think, feels, and acts in |Psychology for this subject |good to assess what adapting | |the best procedures to | |real-world social circumstances. † (Psychology |because it identifi es with how individuals |skills influence what stress. | |manage work place pressure. | |Department, Cornell University , 2008) |respond to worry at work.Social | |and Personality Psychology studies|Interview-would be acceptable because| | |Key Points |a character and how that |you can put forth a Defense Study out of| | |â€Å"How individuals understand their general surroundings. † |particular character reacts to|interviewing a few people | |(Psychology Department, Cornell University , 2008) |different circumstances, similar to work |about their adapting abilities, and | |stress as in the example.It helps|how they assist them with overseeing work | |evaluate how individuals grasp the|related stressors. | |world around them and react to | |the circumstances. | |4 | |Definition |I picked Health Psychology for this|Case Study/Experimental-would | Determining which compound |Health brain research |â€Å"Physical Health can be influenced by the things that |subject on the groun ds that wellbeing brain science |be great since you are actually| | |or synapse may be| |people do, by the manner in which they process data, |studies how synthetic concoctions influence a |testing the inquiry. You are | |activated when individuals use | |career decision, relational peculiarities, life inconveniences and |person’s wellbeing, and mental |performing an examination by | |coffee as a memory or | |the condition in which we live. † (Dr. Cheryl |health. Wellbeing brain science contemplates |taking subjects and uncovering | |performance â€Å"enhancer†. |MacDonald, 2013) |how certain contributing variables |them to specific synthetics and | |can influence a person’s capacity to |studying the consequences of tests, | |Key Points |remember things, or enact |brain filters, straightforward inquiries, | |â€Å"Exploring organic, mental, social, |different synapses in the|etc. | |societal, and ecological elements of life, and how|brain. | |each of thes e influences physical wellbeing. † (Dr.Cheryl | |MacDonald, 2013) | |5 | |Definition |I picked Cognitive Psychology for |Observational Research-would be| | |Reviewing the idea |Cognitive brain research |â€Å"A part of brain research worried about mental |this subject since this examinations |good for this circumstance on the grounds that | |process of somebody who has | |processes (as recognition, thinking, learning, and |the mental procedures of the cerebrum. |the subject might have the option to | |difficulties recollecting | |memory) particularly as for the inner |If an individual is having issues |remember certain things, or only| | |things long haul. |events happening between tactile incitement and the|remembering things some place there|can recall things for a | |overt articulation of behaviorâ€compare† (Merriam |is a miss correspondence in the |certain measure of time. This is | |Webster Incorperated, 2013)â |brain influencing the person’s |where Cas e Study or Experimental| | |memory. Psychological Psychology |Research could be utilized too | |Key Points |studies the cerebrum to discover a way to|to study the mind further.Te | |â€Å"â (1) Human discernment can in any event on a fundamental level be |help individuals recollect or discover |see why the subject is | |fully uncovered by the logical technique, that is, |how to address the issue with |forgetting things and what the | |individual parts of mental procedures can be |the memory, either by prescription |person is overlooking. | |identified and understood† ((Costall and Still, |or conceivable clinical methods or |Interview-will likewise work great | |1987; Dreyfus, 1979; Searle, 1990) (Dosher, 2007)) |a explicit learning communication. since you need to meet a | |person to perceive what they can and | |â€Å"(2) Internal mental procedures can be depicted in | |can’t do. | |terms of rules orâ algorithmsâ in data | |processing models. There has been a lot of ongoing debate| | |on these suspicions. ( (Costall and Still, 1987; | |Dreyfus, 1979; Searle, 1990) (Dosher, 2007)) | |6 | |Definition |I picked Clinical Psychology for |Interview Research-would be the| | |Methods to increase conceivable |Clinical Psychology or |â€Å"The field of Clinical Psychology coordinates |this subject since this is the |best choice for this circumstance | |diagnoses in endeavors to |Clinical Psychologists |science, hypothesis, and practice to comprehend, |beginning procedure of mental health|because you need to meet a | |understand passionate | |predict, and mitigate maladjustment, handicap, |treatment. Clinical Psychologists |person to discover how they are | |problems. |and uneasiness just as to advance human |perform assessments on patients to|feeling, to discover how they | |adaptation, alteration, and self-improvement. † |diagnose and treat mental |respond to circumstances. | |(American Psychological Association, 2013) |illnesses, or assist in dividuals with adapting | |with distressing circumstances in their|Observational Research-is | |Key Points lives by showing adapting aptitudes. |another great investigation for this | |â€Å"intellectual, passionate, natural, psychological,|Clinical brain research is a type of |situation on the grounds that occasionally a | |social, and social parts of human working |treatment to pick up data |person can say something yet | |across the life expectancy, in shifting societies, and at |about an individual so as to treat |their activities are the inverse. | |all financial levels† (American Psychological |them for enthusiastic unsettling influences |For model if an individual says | |Association, 2013) |they might be having, so they can |they’re not pitiful but rather their | |live a superior and progressively profitable |actions are crying you can tell | |life. |with perception that the person| | |is extremely dismal. | Bibliography

The Pitfall of Math Essay Topics

The Pitfall of Math Essay Topics At any time you catch yourself feeling captivated by somebody's essay or article, take a good look at it. This informative article itemizes the many lists of mathematics topics. To compose a research paper on Mathematics isn't an issue for our writers. You might be asking yourself, why it's so essential to write on math essay topics. Needless to say, you won't always have a true situation to discuss for each topic sometimes you've got to borrow ideas from different people or only apply your imagination. Till now, you've gathered all potential info and arranged it in a manner that you are able to use for writing. You may believe that interesting essay titles do all of the work, allowing you to add obvious examples and share ordinary ideas. The actual picture is quite different from that which we have discussed above. The Tried and True Method for Math Essay Topics in Step by Step Detail There are 3 powerful change agents which will eventually facilitate and force important changes in our math education system. You can't be negligent in working on either if you'd like a good result. Simply speaking, the banking sector is totally linked to maths and so even the customers want to be acquainted by it. There are different inefficiencies that are not regarded as by focusing on the rush hour. Be sure the solution is accurate. At first, the brand could be the finest in the current market, but it's still a gadget. Then give the reply to the issue, and after that show the way the solution was found. Getting the Best Math Essay Topics Possessing many admirers is 1 way to develop into a celebrity, but it isn't the best way to develop into a hero. It's also a distinctive method of seeing the world. Creating an intriguing topic may take a while, but nevertheless, it should be something you can obviously define and present accurate concise data. Before deciding upon any private college for your education, it's going to be helpful for you to start looking into your academic objectives, the state of your finances, along with your educational preferences. The present condition of mathematics education in america is certainly not ideal. On-line math courses prepare you for careers that aren't only versatile and command high salaries, but in addition have a quite high amount of job satisfaction. Some often respond that mathematics is essential for almost all of the jobs and it enhances critical thinking skills of somebody. It boosts the general grasp of the subject and gives you the ability to dwell on concepts which were covered during the semester. Often in mathematics, suggestions and rules are chosen because they're deemed simple or neat. The problem of basic abilities versus higher-order skills is particularly significant in math education. Special methods will assist children to create early numeracy abilities. You can't simply choose the topic Mathematics, because it's too broad and too general. Mathematics may have a lot of diverse definitions. More than any other discipline, it requires the writer to be careful in his or her choice of words. Actually they can help. Mathematics is among the main subjects of our life. Computer programmers face several of the very same challenges as descriptive mathematicians. Learning math makes it possible to identify patterns and utilize them to produce new inferences. Math and several of its aspects are an important part of routine life. Math Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! Mathematics is quite a strong instrument, with numerous applications and uses. Authors may also limit the quantity of lines of math or text which can be entered by the students. These pages list the integrals of several distinctive functions. It makes things appear smart, for example, mathematician supporting the math. Ask students to look at a particular audience Imagine they're explaining to a youthful child step-by-step, or write like they are mathematicians (using suitable terminology).

Constraints of a Project - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1240 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? 1 Project Constrains Project constrains are Time, Cost and Scope, which are restrictionsaffect the whole project. When anyone of those constrains change that will affect others too. You can see this figure which showing each constrains are partially depend on other constrain. So, here accordingly our Website developing project we are going to analysis what constrains we should focus on it, what are the risks will come, and what are the resources we use to complete this project effectively. 1.1 Time Constrain Time is playing major role when it a software developing project. So, within the specified time we should able to complete our project with expected quality. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Constraints of a Project" essay for you Create order 08/04/2015 on we will submit the project report to project sponsor. He Project Sponsor satisfy only our developers start to do development on 09/04/2015. We have to complete the website on or before 17/11/2015. In order to do that, we should have a specific schedule related to the time that it will take us to finish the project. So, on 09 the April we should have to spilt the part to each internal stakeholders as we planned. No earlier thanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Specifies the earliest date that on which a task can be completed. No later thanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Specifies a date by which a task must be completed. On this dateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Specifies the exact date on which a task must be completed. 1.2 Scope Constrain Scope can define as the tools and resources that are needed to achieve the end objective of team. And also it define the goal of the overall project. If scope increase then it will increase the cost, resource and time, finally it will cause to reduce the quality of product. The scope of the project is developing a website for Simple Event Ltd. In order to develop it our team need to, Analysis the requirement of the Simple Event Ltd by background reading of the company, interview the staffs or prepare proper formulated questionnaire. This work has to be done by Business Analyst. Design the requirements into diagrams (UML) or technical way, which able to understand by technical developers. This work also has be to done by Business Analyst. Build the requirement into make virtual website by coding. This task has to be done by Software Engineers and Developer. Test the built software and see whether it has any bugs or errors and check the quality and user-friendliness. This task will be done by quality Assurance and End user. This is the task that we have to do in sequence manner to complete the project. So, in order to do this we planned to go for Scrum Methodology, It has continues process of analysis, design, build and test. And finally show the prototype to stakeholder, if they okay with that then move to next task. If they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t or adding new requirements then reattempt it. This methodology is not take cost and it has high customer integration. And also daily scrum meeting also happen. All team members group together and explain what they have done and what have to do on today. 1.3 Cost Constrain Cost is another constrain which we have to keep it stable position. The cost constraint is very important, and it should never be overlooked. Our company objective is on this project cut all the extra cost and get high profits. In order to do this we should plan the budget for this project. Which is include, Cost of software. Cost of hardware. Cost of outsourcing staffs. Cost of staffs. Cost of other resources. Current Water Cost of project work traveling. Cost of overtime. Cost of motivation process. Cost of adding scope. These are come under budget. But still we canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t expect planned budget. Because there will be, Additional requirement takes additional resources then it will increase the planned cost. Late delivery of resources will takes additional Time, and finally it will case to increase the cost. Unexpected external environment problem (Natural disasters, sudden illness of the staffs, increase inflation) But we have keep our budget under 195,000 sterling pound. 1.4 Resource constrain Resource is a constraint which will directly impact on the whole project. If we take a website development project, then these are possible resources that we should consider, 1.4.1 Recourse Skill full staffs: Html, CSS, PHP, Photoshop, Microsoft SQL and JavaScript Software tools: Visual Studio, Microsoft SQL à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Etc. Software tools accessible device. Web server. Hand in cash. Stationary: paper, pen, markerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ etc. Other internal resources: Electricity, waterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. These resources are interconnected to each of them. If one gets problem then all of others work will be get break. Plus if resources are not on time then time will waste, it will cause to extend the project duration then finally it will cost lots. 1.5 Risk constrain In risk constrain we are going to discuss about, what will go wrong and what can be done about it? Staff absents For an example we have allocated 20 days to complete to design the requirements. So, if project manager is takes sick leave for a day and team members didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t takes feedback from PM and start to do further modelling. But the modelling is incorrect so they have to re-do it. In this case time is wasted because of absents. Solution, If this task is completed in 20 days them, adding 2 more days extra for this type of cases. All ways planned to outsource method to complete absented staffs works. Expected resources are not on time This is major problem often happening in all companies. Resources that we needs, Software tools. Hardware devices. Cash in hand. Solution, Using Just in Time (JIT) tools for resources. Take lone from banks. Lack of clarity about project. (Solution: Daily scrum meeting) Changing agendas. (Solution: Scrum process iteration and sprint) Lack of accountability: Working without cost as a project constraint might sound like an ideal situation for some project managers.However, a blank check for a team initiative often results in a lack of accountability for team members and their leaders. 1.6 Environmental Constrains Environmental Constrain which will impact the project indirectly. Customers keep changing the requirement If customers do that, then ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s difficult to finish the project on time and it will cost lot. Natural disasters Weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re using backup webserver to retrieve the project. Sudden illness of staffs Weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re already booked outsources from other company (If we needed only). Weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re always focus on the budget and quality of project. That why we are using so many back services to make sure weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re in safe position. 1.7 Technical constrain Here weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re going to look, Quality of technical staffs Web development skills (HTML, HTML5, CSS3, PHP, Photoshop, Graphic design, Oracle database knowledge and JavaScript) Team management skills (Good communication, Patient and quick decision maker) Time management skills. Quality of technical tools Purchasing original software tools (MS Visual Studio, Oracle, Joomla, WordPress) Purchased branded hardware. Weà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re going to use well experienced admins and original branded technical tools to complete this project. As well as using ERP method to connect all functional process in our organization. Which will gives good and accurate information relevant to this project. 1.8 Quality Constrain Finally all these constrains are end up with the quality. If anything get fail that will affect the other constraints, plus the quality of product. Quality of this project we donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t need to worry about it. Because scrum methodology that we are using on it. So, continues customer view that will ensure the quality of this product.

John Stuart Mill vs. Immanuel Kant - 2163 Words

John Stuart Mill vs. Immanuel Kant The aim of this paper is to clearly depict how John Stuart Mill’s belief to do good for all is more appropriate for our society than Immanuel Kant’s principle that it is better to do whats morally just. I will explain why Mill’s theory served as a better guide to moral behavior and differentiate between the rights and responsibilities of human beings to themselves and society. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral customs are formed. Immanuel Kant presented one perspective in The Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his skill to reason. John Stuart Mill holds†¦show more content†¦Mill disagreed that it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied, meaning, human dissatisfaction is superior to animal satisfaction, or more clearer stated as better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. This means the fool would simply be of a different view because he did not know both sides of the question. This statement means that Mill has rejected the identification of the concept happiness and replaced it with pleasure and the absence of pain and rejected the concept unhappiness and replaced it with pain and the absence of pleasure. Even though his point was based on the maximization of hap piness, he showed the differences between pleasures that are higher and lower in quality. Mills principle of utility seeks for the logical rationality of ethics through the consequences of actions as the consideration determining their morality, therefore the possession of happiness as opposed to the avoidance of pain. Utilitarianism might be an instance of a more general theory of right consequentialism, which supports that right and wrong can only, be reviewed by the kindness of consequences. This common kind of theory can be easily understood by considering the form of consequentialism. Consequentialism states that an act is right if, of those accessible to the agent at the time, it would produce the most overall value in the end. UtilitarianShow MoreRelatedKant And Mill On Animal Ethics Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will begin by explaining the overall views of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, then compare and contrast the ideas and philosophies of Kant and Mill on Animal Ethics. 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Starting from this principal ethics becomes a calculation of how to balance the greatest pleasure over suffering. (Waller, 2008, p. 50) Accordin g to utilitarian John Stuart Mill, â€Å"Actions are right as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce pain or the reverse of happiness.† (Defining Utilitarianism) Jeremy Benthams Hedonic Calculus of utilitarian ethics states that we should always try to performRead MoreUtilitarianism : An Ethical Philosophy Created By John Stuart Mill1432 Words   |  6 PagesBrandy Fussell Professor Legum Jan. 14, 2017 Ethics 74 Utilitarianism is an ethical philosophy created by John Stuart Mill, it focuses on the happiness of a large group of people in society which is considered to be the greater good. According to Mill’s doctrine, it focuses on actions that creates happiness and unhappiness, the happiness is considered to cause pleasure and unhappiness which is considered the reverse of pleasure, which is pain. The fundamental principle of morality is the

CSR Strategies Corporate Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the CSR Strategies for Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction: In the recent years, a new trend has emerged in which the business organizations are identifying the viability of adopting green and environmental-friendly initiatives. The application of environmental-friendly processes creates a healthy environment for the employees, increases customer loyalty and reduces waste. It is also related to the image development and building. The business organizations also realize that it is their duty to contribute back to the society from where it generates its profits. At present, the environmental-friendly activities of the organizations are names as CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities. There are numerous reasons that motivate a business organization to take the plunge to become environmental-friendly organization (Hart, 2009). Future Fuel, Colorado is a small oil company. The top management and the CEO of the company are focused to create an environmental-friendly organization. The company realizes that sustainability practices are not only beneficial for reducing the operational costs but also foster innovation in the organization (Urip, 2010). The mission of the organization is to provide quality services to the customers and contributing to the society as a whole. The sustainability practices of the organization are integral in supporting the society and giving back to the community. With the sustainable practices, an organization can foster innovation, reduces its expense and can step forward towards the sustainable development of the society. The sustainable practices allow the organization to progress without compromising the interest of the future generations. The goodwill obtained through the environmental protection and the sustainable practices will assist the organization in attaining new customers and establishing a brand name (Roettgers, 2011). In the present, the organization is supportive towards the initiatives regarding environmental protection and sustainable development. However, the present stand of the organization is more passive and it does not actively indulge in the environmental protection activities. The present stand often comes out as a neutral stand as the company has not yet taken any strong initiative for the environmental protection. The current corporate philosophy of the organization suggests that the company must strongly support the environmental initiatives. Currently, the company is making a substantial financial investment in the research regarding the identification of new sustainable energy resources (Hart, 2009). Nonetheless, the organization is also indebted to pay back to its shareholders. Currently the organization, being a small business enterprise, is making significant progress in the oil industry. The profitability ratio of the company is at par with the size of the firm. However, if the company wants to grow it has to invest heavily on the inclusion of the sustainability practices in the organization. The present profits of the company are limited; however, adopting the green practices will reduce its operational costs in the long run. Various companies are adopting green methods to attain competitive advantage over other firms in similar industry. Sustainability practices increases customer confidence and employee engagement with the firm (May, Cheney, and Roper, 2007). Going green is the new trend among the business organizations. The companies are quickly adopting the sustainability practices due to the increased customer awareness and government control. If Future Fuel does not ch ange with time, it will become obsolete and collapse wit time. Present is the high time that the company adopt these practices (Roettgers, 2011). Although the investment in research and development and equipping the sites with the solar and energy power systems will be huge financial burden on the company initially, it will provide benefits in the long term. Using the renewable energy resources will reduce the operational costs of the organization. The company will also get benefitted by the reduced energy bills. Using these energy resources will also reduce the amount of waste generated in the sites which will reduce the cost associated with the waste management to the company. It has been approximated that the financial investment made by the company in attaining the sustainability practices will be compensated in the coming decade. Then after, the cost saving by the company will be transformed into the companys profit. Other than that, the company may boost its image in the inter national and national marketplace by adopting the sustainability practices. It will be beneficial for the company in the upcoming future expansion plans (Wills, 2011). Conclusively, it can be stated that adopting the sustainability practices are beneficial for the business organizations. Future Fuel, Colorado should also adopt the green practices to achieve competitive advantage. The sustainability practices are beneficial for the organizations in uplifting their image, increasing their operational cost and increasing consumer confidence. Although the adoption of the sustainability initiatives is costlier for the organization, in the long run it reduces organizations expenditure. References Hart, T. (2009). Nonprofit Guide to Going Green. London: John Wiley and Sons. May, S.K., Cheney, G. and Roper, J. (2007). The Debate over Corporate Social Responsibility. Oxford University Press. Roettgers, F. (2011). Going Green Together: How to Align Employees with Green Strategies. Environmental Pioneers. Urip, S. (2010). CSR Strategies: Corporate Social Responsibility for a Competitive Edge in Emerging Markets. John Wiley Sons. Wills, B. (2011). Green Intentions: Creating a Green Value Stream to Compete and Win. CRC Press.

Anti-Matter Essays (1208 words) - Antimatter, Elementary Particles

Anti-Matter Ordinary matter has negatively charged electrons circling a positively charged nuclei. Anti-matter however has positively charged electrons - positrons - orbiting a nuclei with a negative charge - anti-protons. Only anti-protons and positrons are able to be produced at this time, but scientists in Switzerland have begun a series of experiments which they believe will lead to the creation of the first anti-matter element -- Anti-Hydrogen. (Encarta 99) The Research Early scientists often made two mistakes about anti-matter. Some thought it had a negative mass, and would thus feel gravity as a push rather than a pull. If this were so, the antiproton's negative mass/energy would cancel the proton's when they met and nothing would remain; in reality, two extremely high-energy gamma photons are produced. Today's theories of the universe say that there is no such thing as a negative mass. (Encarta 99) The second and more subtle mistake is the idea that anti-water would only annihilate with ordinary water, and could safety be kept in (say) an iron container. This is not so: it is the subatomic particles that react so destructively, and their arrangement makes no difference. Scientists at CERN in Geneva are working on a device called the LEAR (low energy anti-proton ring) they are attempting to slow the velocity of the anti-protons to a billionth of their normal speeds. The slowing of the anti-protons and positrons, which normally travel at a velocity near the speed of light, is necessary so that they have a chance of meeting and combining into anti-hydrogen. The problems with research in the field of anti-matter is that when the anti-matter elements touch matter elements they annihilate each other. The total combined mass of both elements are released in a spectacular blast of energy. Electrons and positrons come together and vanish into high-energy gamma rays (along with a certain number of harmless neutrinos, which pass through whole planets without effect). Hitting ordinary matter, 1 kg of anti-matter explodes with the force of up to 43 million tons of TNT - as though several thousand Hiroshima bombs were detonated at once. (Encarta 99) So how can anti-matter be stored? Outer space seems the only place, both for storage and for large-scale production. On Earth, gravity will sooner or later pull any anti-matter into disastrous contact with matter. Anti-matter has the opposite effect of gravity on it, the anti-matter is 'pushed away' by the gravitational force due to its opposite nature to that of matter. A way around the gravity problem appears at CERN, where fast moving anti-protons can be held in a'storage ring' around which they constantly move - and kept away from the walls of the vacuum chamber - by magnetic fields. However, this only works for charged particles, it does not work for anti-neutrons, for example. The Unanswerable Question Though anti-matter can be slowly manufactured, natural anti-matter has never been found. In theory, we should expect equal amounts of matter and anti-matter to be formed at the beginning of the universe - perhaps some far off galaxies are the made of anti-matter that somehow became separated from matter long ago. A problem with the theory is that cosmic rays that reach Earth from far-off parts are often made up of protons or even nuclei, never of anti-protons or antinuclei. There may be no natural anti-matter anywhere. In that case, what happened to it? The most obvious answer is that, as predicted by theory, all the matter and anti-matter underwent mutual annihilation in the first seconds of creation; but why there do we still have matter? It seems unlikely that more matter than anti-matter should be formed. In this scenario, the matter would have to exceed the anti-matter by one part in 1000 million. An alternative theory is produced by the physicist M. Goldhaber in 1956, is that the universe divided into two parts after its formation : the universe that we live in, and an alternate universe of anti-matter that cannot be observed by us. (Encarta 99) The Chemistry Though they have no charge, anti-neutrons differ from neutrons in having opposite 'spin' and 'baryon number'. All heavy particles, like protons or neutrons, are called baryons. A firm rule is that the total baryon number cannot change, though this apparently fails inside black holes. A neutron (baryon number +1) can become a proton (baryon number +1) and an electron (baryon number 0 since an electron is not a baryon but a light particle). The total electric charge stays at zero and the total baryon number at +1. But a proton

Ozone essays

Ozone essays In this paper, evidence will show how ozone layer depletion is a problem. Harmful chemicals, produced by man, and nature, effect the ozone layer, a part of the earths atmosphere. The earth has environmental problems, and ozone layer depletion is just one of them. The ozone layer is a layer of irritating, corrosive, colorless gas that absorbs 97-99% of the suns high frequency ultraviolet light, which is damaging to life on earth. ( Sparling, Ozone Depletion) Ozone layer depletions history dates back to as early as 1956. In 1956, the first ground based measurements were taken in Halley Bay, Antarctica. The in the 1970s, satellite measurements were started. The first comprehensive worldwide satellite measurement happened in 1978 with the NIMBUS-7 satellite. The NIMBUS-7 carried on it two things, the TOMS (total ozone mapping spectrometer), and the SBUV (solar backscatter UV meter). The NIMBUS-7, along with other instruments, measured the amount of chlorofluorcarbons in the atmosphere. Chlorofluorcarbons were first created in 1928 as a non-toxic, non-flammable refrigerant, by a commercial company called DuPont. CFC-12 was the first type of chlorofluorcarbon (1 single carbon w/ 2 chlorines, s) created. (Sparling, Ozone Depletion, History ) M.J. Molina and F.S. Rowland published a lab study in 1974 demonstrating how CFCs breakdown ozone when a high frequency of UV light is present. Based on this study, an estimation of about 7% of ozone would be depleted in the next years, lead to the U.S. banning CFCs in aerosol sprays. Slowly after, other nations agreed to ban CFCs in aerosol sprays. In addition, the most recent world resolution, the Montreal Protocol, was based on negotiations between European-Scandinavian countries and the United States over CFCs in the fall of 1983. The Montreal Protocol was signed in the fall of 198...

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Microeconomics - Essay Example The ecological paradigm emphasises on the health and survival of ecosystems. This means minimal and controlled exploitation of the ecosystem. On the other hand, microeconomics stresses on maximising the welfare of the people. This involves maximum exploitation of resources. This causes destruction, depletion and pollution. This has led to the development of ecological economics. This field deals with merging the insights of the two paradigms and resolve their differences. Microeconomics seeks to understand why a market has failed to deliver satisfactory results. It then explains theoretical conditions that are necessary for achievement of perfect competition. When a market has failed, its standard economic assumptions have been undermined. Causes for this include, negative externalities which makes social cost of production to surpass private cost. An example is effects of pollution. On the other hand, positive externalities cause social benefits of consumption to be higher than the private benefit. Imperfect information leads to over-production of demerit goods and under-production of merit goods. Underproduction and high prices can result from dominance by monopolies in the market. Incomplete market occurs where buyers and sellers are not fully aware of the other person’s position regarding product price hence prices may not reflect the true value for the product. Production inefficiency results from factor immobility which causes unemployment. Its competitive advantage is below the expectations of the society (Garegnani, 2006). Market failure results in allocative inefficiency. This is where there is resource misallocation and production of products that are not needed by customers at that time. It is an issue because these resources could have been utilized to make products that meet customer needs. It also causes production inefficiency. This is where given inputs are put in place but the outputs are

Disease and Conditions of the Circulatory System Essay

Disease and Conditions of the Circulatory System - Essay Example Tablets should be counted daily and every attack should be noted and reported to the doctor/physician. If you are using the transdermal Ointment, squeeze the prescribed dose to the applicator then spread it in a thin layer on the patch. Then put the patch on the skin surfaces without hair. Finally cover and wrap with secure tape. The ointment should not touch your fingers. Keep changing the areas of application to avoid inflammation. Store the container in a cool dry place. The Hypertensive heart disease is a number of combined complications of the systematic arterial hypertension or high blood pressure affecting the heart. There is hypertensive heart disease with heart failure and that without. It is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and and ischemic heart disease. It is caused by chronically elevated blood pressure. High blood pressure increases the pressure of the blood vessels, making the heart to work harder while pumping blood. The heart muscles thicken and the left ventricle of the heart is enlarged. The heart can no longer pump the amounts of blood it could before. This leads to the thickening of the blood vessel walls .It accounts for 90% of the cases of hypertension in adults. Framingham conducted a study that showed that the disease accounts for a quarter of the heart failure cases. It has been common in the elderly. Its preference is high due to the many reported cases of blood pressure today. Due to societal anxieties, more and more people are being diagnosed with blood pressure a risk factor of the heart disease. This inturn makes more people prone due to the heredity factor. Leisure activities like smoking and not eating healthy also have led to the increase in the rate of prevalence. Other contributing risk factors include obesity and diabetes which are on the rise daily. The prevalence can be reduced by people living healthier lifestyles and avoiding smoking, eating healthy and exercising. One should

Therapeutic Cloning to Obtain Embryonic Stem Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic Cloning to Obtain Embryonic Stem Essay Therapeutic Cloning to Obtain Embryonic Stem Cells Is Immoral The point is to cause each of us to think deeply about whether there is any essential difference between the reality of [World War II] Nazi experiments and therapeutic cloning. In this two-part viewpoint, David A. Prentice and William Saunders discuss the science and the ethics of therapeutic cloning. In the first part, Prentice argues that creating clones for the purpose of embryonic stem cell research, called therapeutic cloning, is no different from reproductive cloning, which creates a living human child. Also, he points out, therapeutic cloning is not therapeutic for the embryo. In the second part of the viewpoint, Saunders builds on Prentices argument and goes even further. He argues that therapeutic cloning is really no different than the horrific experiments performed by the Nazis during World War II. Saunders notes that supporters of embryonic stem cell research contend that the research is beneficial to humankind; however, Saunders argues, the Nazis used this same reasoning to Justify research on the mentally ill, the disabled, and the feeble-minded. Prentice and Saunders are senior fellows at the Family Research Council, a onservative Christian think tank and lobbying organization. As you read, consider the following questions: 1. Why does Prentice claim that therapeutic cloning will lead to reproductive cloning? 2. What was the point of the Nuremberg Code, according to Saunders? 3. Why does Saunders say that therapeutic cloning violates the Nuremberg Code? Part I Cloning always starts with an embryo. The most common technique proposed for human cloning is called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). This cloning is accomplished by transferring the nucleus from a human somatic (body) cell into an egg cell which has had its chromosomes removed or inactivated. SCNT produces a human embryo who is virtually genetically identical to an existing or previously existing human being. Proponents of human cloning hold out two hopes for its use: (1) the creation of children for infertile couples (so-called reproductive cloning), and (2) the development of medical miracles to cure diseases by harvesting embryonic stem cells from the cloned embryos of patients (euphemistically termed therapeutic cloning). All Human Cloning Produces a Human Being All human cloning is reproductive. It creates†reproduces†a new, developing human intended to be virtually identical to the cloned subject. Both reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning use exactly the same technique to create the clone, and the cloned embryos are indistinguishable. The process, as well as the product, is identical. The clone is created as a new, single-cell embryo and grown in the laboratory for a few days. Then it is either implanted in the womb of a surrogate mother (reproductive cloning) or destroyed to harvest its embryonic stem cells for experiments (therapeutic cloning). It is the same embryo, used for different purposes. In fact, the cloned embryo at that stage of development cannot be egg and sperm. Trying to call a cloned embryo something other than an embryo is not accurate or scientific. Biologically and genetically speaking, what is created is a human being; its species is Homo sapiens. It is neither fish nor fowl, neither monkey nor cow†it is human. Created in Order to Be Destroyed Therapeutic cloning is obviously not therapeutic for the embryo. The new human is specifically created in order to be destroyed as a source of tissue C, as Robert P. Lanza and colleagues report in a 2000 JAMA article]: [Therapeutic cloning] requires the deliberate creation and disaggregation ofa human embryo. Most cloned embryos do not even survive one week, to the blastocyst stage, when they are destroyed in the process of harvesting their cells. Experiments with lab animals show that even these early embryos have abnormalities in genetic expression. Beyond the abnormalities caused by the cloning procedure, embryonic stem cells from cloned embryos will still face problems for their use, including the tendency to form tumors, and significant difficulties in getting the cells to form the correct tissue and function normally. Therapeutic Cloning Leads to Reproductive Cloning Because there is no difference in the nuclear transfer technique or the cloned embryo, allowing therapeutic cloning experimentation to proceed will inevitably lead to reproductive cloning. The technique can be practiced and huge numbers of cloned embryos produced. In fact, the lead scientist of the South Korean team that first cloned human embryos in February 2004 in a press conference on their experiments that the cloning technique developed in their laboratory cannot be separated from reproductive cloning. His statement affirms what others have pointed out before: allowing therapeutic cloning simply prepares the way for eproductive cloning. Human cloning is unsafe and unnecessary. There are no valid or compelling grounds†scientific or medical†to proceed. A comprehensive ban on human cloning is the only sufficient answer. Part II As Dr. Prentice has shown, cloning indisputably destroys innocent human life. This basic truth should lead the world to reject human cloning. However, in an effort to extricate human cloning from this ethical vise grip, its supporters attempt to draw a distinction between human life, which begins at conception, and human personhood, which begins only at their say-so. Unfortunately, the arbitrary denial f personhood to human beings has a long and cruel history. The Nuremberg Code, formulated in the years after World War II, is particularly instructive with regard to the current debate on human cloning. For instance, when the principal author of the report on human cloning issued by the National Academy of Sciences testified before the Presidents Council on Bioethics, he stated that reproductive cloning would violate the Nuremberg Code: The Nuremberg Code, with which I am in full agreement, outlines those kinds of things you would not simply [do] for the sake of knowledge that involve human subjects. The Nuremberg Code The Nuremberg Code is a body of ethical norms enunciated by the Nuremberg Tribunal, which, after World War II, had the responsibility of Judging the actions of the Nazis and their allies. The point of the code was to restate and apply the established ethical norms of the civilized world. Nazis Deemed Some Life Unworthy Nazi laws had defined Jews and other undesirables as non-persons. Eventually, camps and killed. However, before the killing in the camps began, the Nazis had engaged in an extensive campaign of euthanasia against the mentally and physically handicapped, which not only foreshadowed but also prepared the way for the xtermination camps. In his book The Nazi Doctors, Robert Jay Lifton draws our attention to a book titled The Permission to Destroy Life Unworthy of Life, written during the campaign. Lifton writes: [It was] published in 1920 and written Jointly by two German professors: the Jurist Karl Binding and Alfred Hoche, professor of psychiatry at the University of Freiburg. Carefully argued in the numbered-paragraph form of the traditional philosophical treatise, the book included as unworthy life not only the incurably ill but large segments of the mentally ill, the feeble-minded, and retarded and deformed children. T]he authors professionalized and medicalized the entire concept; destroying life unworthy of life was purely a healing treatment and a healing work. The Nazis were determined to cleanse the genetic pool to produce better Aryans. Nazi officials announced that under the direction of specialists all therapeutic possibilities will be administered according to the latest scientific knowledge. The result of this therapeutic treatment of inferior lives was that eventually a network of some thirty killing areas within existing institutions was set up throughout Germany and in Austria and Poland. In their book, The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code, George Annas and Michael Grodin reveal that: At the same time that forced sterilization and abortion were instituted for individuals of inferior genetic stock, sterilization and abortion for healthy German women were declared illegal and punishable (in some cases by death) as a crime against the German body. As one might imagine, Jews and others deemed racially suspect were exempted from these restrictions. On November 10, 1938, a Luneberg court legalized abortion for Jews. A decree of June 23, 1943, allowed for abortions for Polish workers, ut only if they were not Judged racially valuable. Later, the Nazis created the extermination camps for the Jews and other inferior races. In the camps, Nazi doctors engaged in cruel experiments on the Jews, Gypsies, Poles, and others. They exposed them to extreme cold to determine the temperature at which death would occur. They injected them with poisons to see how quickly certain lethal elements moved through the circulatory system. They subjected twins to all manner of disabling and brutal experiments to determine how genetically identical persons reacted to different conditions. Some of the experiments were nonetheless designed to preserve life†not of the subject, but of, for example, German pilots who were forced to parachute into freezing ocean waters. Everyone agrees the Nuremberg Code prohibits reproductive cloning. What relevance does it have for therapeutic cloning? If human embryos are human beings, then therapeutic cloning, which creates an embryo only to destroy it in the process of exploiting its stem cells, violates a cardinal principle of the Nuremberg Code: There is to be no experimentation on a human subject when it is known that death or disabling injury will result. Regardless of the good that might be produced by such experiments, the experiments are of their very nature an immoral use of human beings. Subverting the Meaning of Healing Recall how the Nazis subverted the meaning of heali ng. Recall how they used the them. Recall that the Nazis eliminated those unworthy of life in order to improve the genetic stock of Germany. Recall how the Nazis undertook lethal experiments on concentration camp inmates in order, in some cases, to find ways to preserve the lives of others. The point is not to suggest that those who support therapeutic cloning are, in any sense, Nazis. Rather, the point is to cause each of us to think deeply about whether there is any essential difference between the reality of those Nazi experiments and therapeutic cloning. As we have shown, each case involves a living human being, and that human being is killed in the aim of a perceived higher good. Cloning proponents try to distinguish between the two cases by saying that the cloned human being has no potential. But in each case, it is the actions of other human beings that rob the first of potential (in the first case, the actions of Nazi executioners; in the second, the laboratory technicians). In either case, the human ubject is full of potential simply by being a living human being. Of course, almost miraculously, many of the inmates of the camps did survive when the allies rescued them. Equally miraculously, frozen embryos have been implanted in a womans womb and brought to live (and healthy) birth. As we have shown, every embryo is not merely potentially a life, but [is an] actual life, a human being from the first moment of existence. Furthermore, any living human embryo has the inherent potential to develop into a healthy baby. It is disingenuous for supporters of cloning to claim the cloned human embryo is only potential life because they plan o mandate by law that it be destroyed before it can come to birth. Regardless of its location, the human embryo, by its nature, is full of potential, unless the actions of adult human beings deprive it of the opportunity to realize that potential. Guard Against Inhuman Acts [Russian author] Alexander Solzhenitsyn, a man who chronicled and suffered under another ideology that denied the dignity of each and every human being, observed, Gradually it was disclosed to me that the line separating good and evil passes not through states, nor between classes, nor between political parties either, but right hough every human heart, and through all human hearts. This line shifts. Inside us, it oscillates. Solzhenitsyn did not regard the perpetrators of brutal crimes in his own country as inhuman monsters. Rather, he saw the essential truth†they were human beings, engaged in immoral acts. They engaged in those acts by dehumanizing the persons on whom their brutality was inflicted, and they did so in the name of (perhaps in the passionate belief in) a greater good. But Solzhenitsyn reminds us that, unless we are willing to admit that, for the best as well as for the orst of motives, we are also capable of inhuman acts, we will have no guard against committing them. No one is safe from brutality so long as we think that it is only inhuman others who are capable of inhuman acts. Rather, we will be secure when we are willing to look honestly at the objective reality of our acts, while realizing that we, too, are capable of acts that violate the inherent dignity of another, and refuse to engage in such acts despite the good we believe would result from doing otherwise. In the debate over the cloning and destruction of embryonic human beings, this essential truth must be our guide. Books Brian Alexander Rapture: How Biotech Became the New Religion.

Essay --

Plum Island is a fictional novel about a convalescing New York Police homicide detective named John Corey, who gets involved in a multiple murder investigation while he is supposed to be recovering from serious wounds. John is originally working as a consultant for the small township, where an old friend of his is the Chief of Police, but when he is relieved of this position, he continues the investigation on his own. Eventually the county detective assigned to solve the case, Beth Penrose, invites him to collaborate with her and the team solves the original double murder, and all of the murders committed by the same man, Frederic Tobin. John Corey is relaxing on his Uncle Harry's deck when Sylvester Maxwell, Chief of the local police, asks John to accompany him to the murder scene. Tom and Judy Gordon, biologists at the nearby Plum Island biological animal research center, and recent friends of John, have both been shot in the head on the deck of their home. John meets Detective Beth Penrose of the Suffolk County Sheriff's Office, Foster of the FBI, and a man named Ted Nash who says he is from the Department of Agriculture but turns out to be a CIA agent. The initial investigation focuses on the Gordons stealing a virus from the Plum Island facility and selling it to a foreign government. To this end, the team of Nash, Foster, John, Beth and Max are taken on a lengthy tour of the facility, including the uninhabited part of the island that contains a revolutionary war era abandoned fort. While on the tour, John and the team meet the head of security, Paul Stevens. They also learn that the Gordons were involved in researching a vaccine for Ebola, were amateur archeologists, and had free reign to bring their boat to and from work ... ... John and Beth take Tobin's boat to the ferry dock and Max meets them there. John heads for Manhattan to face the wrath of his NYPD supervisor. At his home, he finds a letter from the Gordons, written before their murder, verifying everything he has now discovered. John goes to meet with his supervisors and negotiate a way out of the trouble he is in for disobeying orders. The last chapter shows John teaching homicide investigation, as a retired police officer. It is several months after the Plum Island incident, and he misses the police force, but accepts what needed to happen. He is also unattached. John is surprised to se that Beth Penrose has enrolled in his class. She catches him up on the latest from Suffolk County, and is gently offering to be in his life again. While he initially resists, he announces to the class that he is taking her for drinks that night.

Mentor

Instead of cursing the dark we have to light a candle; instead of looking down at the gutter at the roadside on a moonless night why not look up and appreciate the stars   in the sky? We should put passion in every undertaking. And instead saying â€Å" It’s cloudy outside but it’s a Sunday,† why not make it as an opportunity and say   â€Å"It’s a   great Sunday!† Meaning you’re optimistic that the day   would turn out right  Ã‚   because you are free from your office work—of your responsibility here–  Ã‚   despite the clouds hovering at the horizon. Right? In short we, all of you (managers, supervisors, section heads) should try to inspire others through your thoughts, words and deeds. First you should think and act as mentors and not mere managers or slave drivers of employees.   A mentor says â€Å"we have to do this way,† rather than ordering a subordinate â€Å"to do that way.† Make yourself  Ã‚   part of the solution – a member of the team. As a mentor you take every problem as a new challenge. As proactive mentor you have to be ahead of the situation or you have to put up measures to prevent potential problems   to crop up. To be an effective mentor you have to have the unlimited capacity to understand. How? Review your college psychology, about human nature or behavior, about motivation and aspirations of individuals. Make your subordinates feel that their aspirations and ambitions would be addressed by playing   their roles in the company. Make their individual ambitions and the company’s objective   one. Make them proud to belong to the company since they are being taken care of including their loved ones. To be a competent mentor every manager should have an open line of communication. You have to remove the partitions and cubicles. Let every worker approach you any time of the day – or night — and help him solve even his personal problem. As a mentor your responsibility does not end after office hours. The communications line should be open 24 hours a day. Mentoring is like coaching a football or basketball team. A coach is a mentor-leader —not a manager– because he inspires people. Your effectiveness as a coach could be measured on how the athletes play the game and not on the number of games won. The objective of the manager is to win all the games. As for the coach? His foremost consideration is the welfare of the individual players including their future and direction. Winning is secondary. Winning is not the objective. Winning a game or the championship should be the result of mentoring. No amount of shouting, cursing or suspension could make a player give a 100-percent contribution to a game if he is not inspired to play. He only gives his best because of the motivations from his coach. An example is Carter of the popular movie Coach Carter. He made men out of the spoiled and undisciplined youngsters. He transformed their lives—and their future. He considered every game lost an opportunity for each of his players to improve and do better. Carter   provided them reasons to live a beautiful and fruitful life. Another organization where you can find a mentor-leader is the Army. It is not the platoon leader but it’s usually the platoon sergeant who motivates the infantrymen during battles. One factor that inspires the soldiers could be the courage of the sergeant. And he leads in front of his platoon every skirmish. Because he has the extensive knowledge and experiences acquired from previous battles his men have confidence of his leadership. They know that what the sergeant is doing is  Ã‚   for their welfare and to reduce casualties.   In short extensive knowledge and courage play an important role in motivating people. And you can have more knowledge by attending managerial and motivational workshops on your initiative and on your own time. In short self-improvement. Another role you should play as leader is that of a facilitator. You should group your subordinates into teams not as work-related groups, like budget, accounting,   or disbursing section .Each team has an objective to accomplish—just like every squad in the army. Each team member has a defined role to play or a specialization.The men in a squad don’t carry the same type of weapon. One carries a bar or a special weapon which is effective for long range shooting. Another carries a machine gun for close combat. Others carry assault   rifles for the final push. Others carry sniper’s rifle with night vision for evening assault, and so forth. And in the absence of the point -man, the next in rank can take over to accomplish the objective of the team since every member’s role is clearly defined. So you have a logistical team rather than a dispatching section. Each team leader is empowered to make decisions. In case of misunderstanding or conflict in the implementation of an office policy, as manager or supervisor you act as collaborator but not as compromiser. As team member you consider everyone in the group as your   colleague or peer not as your immediate supervisor or your direct subordinate. Each role should be defined not by the ranking of the position but by specialization or skills. Thus, the secretary   becomes communications specialist and the telephone operator the   solutions provider—   for she gives answers to queries, Right? With these changes each can assert his role in the organization and he could measure his overall contribution. Even the janitor must have a position fitted to his contribution — as sanitation specialist. Try to imagine a single day without a janitor. You will find that the following day everything is in chaos or the office smelly. In case of conflict, as facilitator you initiate collaborative work, you initiave   comprehensive cooperation from all the members of the team. For an example in the advertising department, you yave to facilitate the production of the best creative idea for a promotional campaign. In this case you don’t have to criticize ideas presented. You have to facilitate the frution of the ideas into a useful concept. As facilitator you have to be highly assertive so it would be faster for a collegial decision to crop up from the team. Another role you should play as supervisor is that of a monitor. In short you have to record and take note of the progress of each team in your group. You don’t have to record their attendance nor whether they come on time or leave the office earlier. That’s not the point. As monitor you record as to how far they are from the goal. You have to be goal-oriented. You manage by objective. To be an effective monitor you have to be competent about   information management—the ins and outs of the system.In short you have your own system to grade your members. In the military there is such thing as demerits. For example you wear a complete uniform you would be given 100 merits. Any stain or dirt in the uniform, or improper wearing of a single insignia   the officer would give you the corresponding demerits. In this way your team members know their goal if they could make   you objective and make it   perfectly.. The military for example, has its own counterintelligence group. This way the military plays it safe by moving ahead of its enemies. This means you monitor the contribution of each member of the team and advice them from time to time as the necessary adjustments needed in their activities. Another function you should do as manager is that of a coordinator. In this situation you act not only as the coach of the team. You act at   the same time  Ã‚   the team captain or   the playing coach. You coordinate the maneuvers on the court as team captain. All the members of the team observe you from a distance as to what signals you are transmitting to them. As coordinator you know the specialized skill of each member. Like basketball, you know   how the guard or the forwards functions during set plays. You know the capacity   of your center or you know who would be the slotman or pointmaker during crucial time of the game. In short each man has a specialization—just like in your department or section. In basketball, the team captain sometimes decide  Ã‚   as to when they   need   to rest – and not necessarily the coach–   and transmit this need to the coach or the bench officials for the team to take a rest or take a time out to   change plan of  Ã‚   maneuvers . Compared to our company, as facilitator you must have the hands-on knowledge of the operation of your division or section.You cannot play as team captain if you don’t know the limit of your teammates, right? To summarize the following table show you the roles and the competencies needed: ROLES   COMPETENCIES NEEDED MENTOR       Big understanding; open-mindedness, effective verbal and oral Communications; ;extensive understanding of human Motivations; example that of a coach; can   emphatize FACILITATOR  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   team-building skills; delegation of authority; assume Responsibility; will not compromise solution; example That of a college instructor;example:   basketball team captain MONITOR     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proactive and goal-orientation; ability to detect Weaknesses; extensive analytical ability; example: a high school teacher; another example is the Army’s demerit system. COORDINATOR  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proactive; ability to measure capacity and limits; ex: team captain;   he gets the opinion of the members of the team to arrive at a good decision; ability to get the attention of every member of the team; ability to get respect from the team. Case 1 Shaheen Matombo, staff member The case of Shaheen is not an isolated one. It is always the problem of single mother who doubles as head of the family. Shaheen is not a hopeless case. In fact Shaheen has offered an alternative schedule of 8:30 a.m. in exchange for a 30-minute lunch break. As CEO I would suggest to Andre Tate, Shaheen’s manager, to adopt the staff member’s offer of arriving at 8:30 with 30-minute lunch break, with off at 5 p.m., just like everybody in the office. As manager   it is the foremost to maintain manpower, especially that   Shaheen is a product of a computer college. It is the goal of Shaheen’s immediate supervisor to give the newcomer—three months at work—a chance to develop herself in her workplace. In this age of computers,   and flexible time, the offer of Shaheen is laudable.   Morale of her co-workers would not be affected if the change of Shaheen’s schedule would be known by everybody in the office.And   the same flexible time schedule would be offered to anybody who have the same reasons that of Shaheen. As manager, Andre should also provide a counteroffer. Meaning, Shaheen would follow her suggested schedule religiously.And a single late or failure to follow the schedule may mean she has to revert to the 8 a.m. regular time. During contingency, Shaneen would be given the chance to work online at home, so by the time she will be at the office she would not miss any important call. A system would be installed that calls made at 8 a.m. to the office would be coursed through the home telephone or computer of Shaheen at home. Another counteroffer would be for Shaheen to observe her suggested schedule but without coffee breaks of 15 minutes in the morning and another coffee break of 15 minutes in the afternoon. In short let Shaheen eat at his work station in exchange for her coming at 8:30 p.m. Since Shaheen is a computer graduate, sooner she would learn the ropes and could be effective in her work. As manager, Andre’s work is to maintain cohesion, morale and develop through training all the employees, not only Shaheen. As manager, Andre’s responsibility is to develop human resources in the company, particularly at this time when it would be hard to hire competent employees who are readily knowledgeable with office work. One of the   four approaches to effective values (HM 2022, frame 17 of lecture 2) is emphasis on human relations where the goal of the manager is maintaining human relations. Shaheen stay in the office can be considered probationary for it   takes   from three to six months before an employee becomes regular. Assuming Shaheen is already a regular staffer, the more that she should be retained and given the chance to improve herself.   In this case, Andre may assign a veteran worker or her supervisor as her office mentor. Shaneen needs the guidance of a facilitator and coordinator who understands her first and second willing to help her until she may be six months in office. In this way, if she would not improve, Andre have the reason to look for her replacement or put her in a job that does not require her to be at 8 a.m.. Of she may be given flexible time schedule to suit her work at home. The manager should understand the situation of Shaneen from the poiont of view of a parent. The manager should try to wear the shoes of Shaheen to undertanding extensively the situation Shaheen is in. As mentor, Andre should inspire Shaheen to work better and improve in her work. Andre should have the capacity and the patience to work with a worker like Shaneen For sooner, Shaheen may improve for she has the potential to be an effective worker.               

Personal Narrative I Am Balder - 911 Words

I am Balder. I live in Norrvegr. I am a Norseman. I am the eldest of four children. I dress in typical Scandinavian clothing, I typically wear linen or wool shirt and trousers, spun and woven by my mother and sisters in our home. The women wear dress like garment called shift made of same material. Over that they wear a dress open at the sides held with shoulder straps. In colder weather they wear cloaks or shawls. Clothing is held in place by brooches. Our shoes and boots are made of calfskin or goatskin. And of course animal skins to keep warm. My parents’ marriage, like most marriages, was prearranged by their families. We live in a modest house built of wood and stone. It has three rooms with walls made of wooden sticks covered with mud keep the wind and rain out. Our floor is dug below ground level, and our roof is made of sod. We have a hearth to provide warmth and serve as a place to cook. When sitting my father used a chair called the â€Å"high seat† while the rest of the family sat on benches. We slept on raise platforms on either side of a hearth. My daily life consists mostly of farming, although the growing season is very short here in Scandinavia. I mostly grow a variety of fruits and vegetables: onions, beats, and cabbage. Also barley, wheat and oats, which we use for making flour, porridge and ale. I also raise livestock which sometimes consists of goats, sheep, cattle, geese, chickens and pigs. We ate mostly what we could produce our farm, but also had the